My country facts: Investigation

Official country name: Canadá

Location: It is located in North America

Year that country joined the UN: In the year 1945

People:

1. What are the people of the country called? They are called Canadian

2. What is the official language? What other languages do people speak? The two official languages are English and French. Other languagues: Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish and Galician.

3. What is the most-practiced religion? There isn't any official state religion. But there are Christians, Catholics, Presbyterian rite, Anglicans, Baptists, no religious affiliation, Islam and Hinduism.

Flag:

Is a red flag with a white square in its center. In the center of the white box is a red maple leaf. The maple leaf is a symbol of nature and the environment present in Canada since s. XVIII.
Flag_of_Canada.svg.png

Government:

1. Is it a democratic or a non-democratic state? It is a democratic state.

2. What is the name of the leader of the country?

Queen: Elizabeth II

Governor General: David Johnston

First Minister: Justin Trudeau

3. What type of government is the country ruled by? Federal parliamentary monarchy

4. Is there a separation of powers? Which institution/person is in charge of each of the powers?

Legislative Power: resides in the Canadian Parliament, which consists of the Queen of England, by an Upper House (Senate) and a lower house, which is the House of Commons. The Senate is composed of 105 members. The House of Commons is composed of 315 members.

Executive power: The highest authority of the executive is the monarch of the United Kingdom; which is the head of state, although is not exercised by this; It is represented by the Governor General and in each province by a Provincial Governor.

Judicial Power: Federal and provincial courts. Federal and provincial judges are appointed by the Governor General, and are only removed from this at the request of the Senate or the House of Commons.

5. Which are the main political parties of the country (socialist party, communist party, green party, republicans, democrats, etc.)? Describe briefly their ideas.

Liberal Party of Canada - (liberal): The party defends the principles of liberalism, and is generally regarded as a center party within the Canadian and European standards.

New Democratic Party - (social): It is a Canadian federal party of leftist and social democratic affiliation.

Green Party of Canada - (environmentalism): It is a political party at the federal level in Canada.

Bloc Québécois - (Social and Quebec nationalism): It is in favor of Quebec independence and social democracy.

Conservative Party of Canada - (conservative): Canadian political institutions modeled after the British were opposed to the policies of the Liberal Party that favored Canadian nationalism and political independence from Britain

4. Was your country ever a colony? If so, when did it gain its independence?

Yes, it was a english and a french colony. It gain its independence in the year 1867.

Population:

1. How many inhabitants does the country have? It have 35.749.600 inhabitants.

2. Population density It have 3,41 inhabitants per km2

3. Birth Rate. Reasons: The birth rate in Canada is between 0 and 15%. It is caused by low quantity of borns in Canada.

external image 3CS_U03_p16_Natalidad_439776.jpg

external image 3CS_U03_p16_Natalidad_439776.jpg

4. Death Rate. Reasons: The death rate in Canada is between 6 and 12%. It is caused by the quantiy of inmigrants and people from Canada that died.

external image 3CS_U03_p16_Mortalidad_215992.jpg

external image 3CS_U03_p16_Mortalidad_215992.jpg

5. Natural Growth. Reasons: The natural growth in Canada is between 1 and 3%. Two factors that explain the natural growth:

Natural increase: Is the difference between the number of births and deaths during a given period. This is how any population is replenished in the absence of migration. In Canada there is more birth rate than death rate so the population grows.
Migratory increase: Is the difference between the number of immigrants entering the country and the number of emigrants leaving the country. In Canada there are more inmigrants than migrants so the population grows.

6. How do migrations affect your country? Statistics Canada projects that inmigration will not only continue to be a key driver of population growth in the coming years - without it, Canada's population growth could be close to zero in 20 years, as the population continues to age and fertility rates projected to remain below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman.

Chart 1 – Annual average growth rate, natural increase and migratory increase per intercensal period, Canada, 1851 to 2061

Migrations:

1. Number of immigrants. Where do they come from? Why? There are 55,6 inmigrants/ 1000 inhabitants. They came from Europe, Philipines, India, China, Morocco, South Korea, Iran and from the United Arab Emirates. Becaus e of the economy, the health, the education, the diversity, the low quantity of crimes and the clime.

2. Number of emigrants. Where do they go? Why? I didn't find any quantiy, so I suppose that very few people emigrate from Canada. They probably go to warmers countrys or they oly want to change the place they live.

3. Legislation of the country connected to migrations. The new Bill C-24 provides new requirements for Canadian citizenship. The principal is the increased residence time required now is four years into a six. Besides more knowledge of languages required, file tax returns, among other things. This will help reduce processing times progressively to reach the goal set for 2016: less than one year to be sworn in as new citizens.

4. Institutions in charge of migrants.

5. Problems connected to migrations. Canada is a developed or in-developing country that doesn't have any problems with migrations, because of the large area, the good quantity of jobs that are there and the necessary food to survive that is there.

Geography:

1. Where is the country?.It is located in North America.

2. What other nations border the country? It is border by the United States on the south and Alaska on the northwest.

3. What kind of landscape does the country have? Positive and negative things of it. Canada has a long coastline to the east, north and west, and from the last ice age has eight distinct forest regions, including a large area of taiga on the Shield Canadiense. The vastness and variety of geography, ecology, vegetation and topography of Canada, have led to a wide variety of climates throughout the país. Canada has more lakes than any other country, so it contains much of the world's freshwater. There are also fresh-water glaciers in the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Mountains.

Positive things: It has a beautiful scenery and geographical variety, so it is attractive for tourism.
Negative things: Because of the low temperatures the fauna can't grow, so the fauna is the all year very similars.

4. What kind of climate does it have? Pros and cons of the climate. The average temperature in winter and summer varies by location. Winters, in the interior provinces and grasslands, where there is a continental climate, the average daily temperatures are of -15 ° C, but can reach below -40 ° C . In landlocked regions, snow can cover the ground almost six months (further north). The coast of British Columbia have a temperate climate, with a warmer but rainy winter. On the east and west coasts, average temperatures generally do not exceed 20 ° C, while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges between 25 and 30 ° C, with occasional waves of heat inside exceeding 40 ° C.

Positive things: The climate is good, for example, for winter sports, because the climate is very low and it's always snowing.
Negative things: The weather can be difficult to tolerate, especially for the long winter months (until 5 months) in almost all regions.

Economy:

1. What is the most common sector of employment in the country? The most common sector is the tertiary sector a 74% of the workface is employed here.

2. What is the unemployment rate of your country (by percentage)? The unemployement rate of Canada rose to 7.% from 7% a month earlier, driven by large job losses in Ontario. Canada's largest province lost 33,800 jobs in the month, with the province's unemployement rate jumping a notch to 6.9%.

3. What is the percentage of contribution of its sectors?

4. Energy: production/consumption; exports/imports

Production / Consumption: Energy production in Canada increased rising 3.6% to 21,213 petajoules. Production rose year over year for refined petroleum products (10.4%), coal (10.0%) and crude oil (6.8%), where as it fell for natural gas (3.3%) and electricity (3.0%). Most of the energy produced Canada was crude oil (29%), natural gas (28%) and refined petroleum products (22%); the rest was coal (7%) and electricity from primary sources (8%)—hydro, nuclear, wind and tidal. Hydro generation, the largest primary source in 2010, accounted for 63% of electric power and totalled 346.7 million megawatt hours. Canada exports much of the energy and energy products it produces. In 2010, these exports totalled about 9,700 petajoules, up 3% from 2009. In 2010, Canada exported 63% of its crude oil, 61% of its marketable natural gas, 55% of its coal, and 20% of its refined petroleum products. Energy imports totalled 3,600 petajoules in 2010, down 1% from 2009. Almost half was crude oil, 24% was natural gas, 15% was refined petroleum products and 8% was coal. Together, these commodities and products made up virtually all (97%) of Canada's energy-related imports in 2010.

Export / Import: The United States is the main trading partner of the country (many border trade) and its main supplier (more than 67% of imports); the following, Asia (13.5%) and the EU (10%), are located quite a distance. In addition 87% of exported goods depart for the United States. Asia and the European Union together account for only 10%.

Exports:

Coutry	2014
United States	351,160,293,631
China	15,501,803,507
Japan	11,184,038,835
United Kingdom	14,104,884,396
Mexico	10,041,804,832
South Korea	5,442,190,000
Germany	3,583,182,513
France	3,331,607,724
Brazil	2,714,973,490
Netherlands	2,619,865,880
Rest of the world	21,385,267,926
Total	441,069,912,733

Imports:

Goods	2014
Total	410,895,744,420
Other chapters	145,400,695,772
Instruments and devices optical, photographic, cinematographic measuring, checking, precision; saddlery and harness; parts and accessories thereof	11,709,976,765
Motor vehicles, tractors, cycles and other land vehicles, parts and accessories	68,489,239,829
Machinery and electrical equipment, and parts.	35,207,732,092
Boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts of the machine or apparatus	60,312,207,878
Articles of iron and steel	11,133,353,529
Iron and steel	8,781,246,513
Natural pearls or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious metals and plated articles thereof; imitation jewelry; coins	8,195,481,737
Plastics and articles thereof	15,697,837,777
Pharmaceuticals	8,655,697,844
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes	37,312

Domestic Policy:

1. Which are the current issues that affect your country in domestic policy? Quebec Sovereignty, gun control, government suveillance, native funding, worker strikes, energy sector, senate drug policy, commuteer rail, long form census, national daycare and copyright.

2. Which are the main policies about healthcare? The mandatory vaccinations, the prescription of drugs, marijuana and dental coverage.

3. Which are the main policies about education? University tuition and postsecondary education.

4. Taxes and other revenues: Income tax, sales tax, Statement of Income tax, getting help to make the Statement of Income tax

5. Debt: It have public debts of 1,180,868€.

Foreign Policy:

1. Which are the main current issues that affect your country in foreign policy? Bill C-51, Iraq, military spending and foreign aid.

2. Which are the main conflicts that have affected your country? The Seven Years War , the 1812's War , the Bóer's War, World War I, World War II, the Gulf War, the Afghanistan War, Irak's invasion in 2003.

3. Which are the main conflicts that affect your country? Kid's discrimination, sexual explosion, mistreatment, environment and legislation of children.

4. Military Expenditures/ spending on defense programs: Canadian's military spends more than they use in army or weapons. It also spends a lot in defense programs, but this is good to be save.